On a simple level, Democrats have 30 more House seats than Republicans and 31 more women in the House. Similarly, Democrats have 11 women in the Senate, six more than Republicans. Their margin in each chamber is exclusively among women members.
A study of House members elected from 1916 through 2004 showed some interesting results. Republican women were more moderate politically, came from tougher districts to win than Republican men, were more urban or suburban and came from better educated , more white collar districts. In the last 15 years, the number of women in the House boomed going from the high 20's to 74. With 53 Democratic women and 21 Republicans, there is a huge gender gap on Capitol Hill. In fact, in 2006 the number of Republican women in the House actually declined from 22 to 21.
Overall, 22.8% of House Democrats are women and 10.4% of House Republicans. The figures are very similar for the Senate. About half of the difference comes from one state: California. Republicans elected 18 men and 1 woman; Democrats elected 18 men and 16 women.
I had expected, because women often get to run in real long shot races, that the percentage of women elected to Congress would be lower than the percentage of men who are elected. That simply was not the case in 2006. Republicans elected 21 of 42 women (50%); they won in 46% of all districts. Even adjusting for seats left unopposed, women more than held their own. Similarly, Democratic women won 53 of 95 races against Republicans (55.8%), also about a five point edge. With ten vacancies, men won 179 of 330 seats they contested (54.2%).
The trend among Republicans was particularly strong in the Northeast and the Pacific coast. A long line of moderate Republican women in the Northeast has completely disappeared in the House. None of the 24 GOPers from the region are women. Nancy Johnson, Sue Kelly, and Melissa Hart all lost their seats in 2006. Recent moderates like Marge Roukema, Christy Todd Whitman, and Millicent Fenwick from New Jersey, Margaret Heckler from Massachusetts, Connie Morrella from Maryland and the three 2006 losers represented an important source of Republican talent. The remnants of it can be seen in the Maine ladies in the Senate and Jody Rell (Connecticut Governor). Only widow Mary Bono and Cathy McMorris Rogers represent the GOPers in the House from the Pacific. Again, Lisa Murkowski in the Senate and Sarah Palin and Linda Lingle as Governors try to hold the Republican fort.
Many of the GOPer women in the House are now harsh extremists and some are lousy candidates. This would include Jean Schmidt, Barbara Cubin, Marilyn Musgrave, and Virginia Foxx (Foxx is a good candidate but consistently ranks as one of the five most extreme members of the House.
I haven't adjusted for the districts, but I think that women candidates win about 5% more often (adjusted) than men in a general election. That is roughly equivalent to the edge enjoyed in major league baseball by lefthanded pitchers. Lefties account for 15% of the population and about twice that proportion among pitchers. The Republican bias against choosing women candidates (particularly moderates) is just stupid and, well, astounding. It will cost them more and more as the years go by.
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